Clinical Study and Patch Testing in Contact Dermatitis Due to Metals

Abstract

Contact dermatitis (CD) is a common dermatological condition characterized by skin inflammation caused by exposure to irritants or allergens. Among the various allergens, metals such as nickel, cobalt, and chromium are known to cause allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), a delayed hypersensitivity reaction. This study investigates the prevalence of metal-induced CD and the role of patch testing in diagnosing metal allergies. A retrospective analysis was conducted from 2010 to 2015 involving 150 patients with suspected metal-induced dermatitis. All participants underwent patch testing with a standard series including nickel, cobalt, and chromium. Results revealed a high incidence of nickel sensitivity, with 56.7% of patients testing positive for nickel. A smaller percentage of patients showed sensitivity to cobalt (13.3%) and chromium (13.3%). Clinical features of dermatitis included erythema, vesiculation, and pruritus, typically affecting areas in direct contact with metal items such as jewelry and zippers. Treatment included metal avoidance and the application of topical corticosteroids, leading to significant symptom relief in most patients. This study underscores the importance of patch testing in diagnosing metal allergies and emphasizes the efficacy of allergen avoidance in managing symptoms.

Keywords: Contact dermatitis, Nickel, Cobalt, Chromium, Patch testing, Metal-induced dermatitis, Diagnosis, Treatment, Metal allergies, Erythema, Vesicles.