Comparing Metformin and Glibenclamide for Gestational Diabetes Management: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a increasing metabolic issue during pregnancy which needs tight glycemic control to reduce mother and newborn complications. Oral antidiabetic drugs like metformin and glibenclamide are becoming preferred choices to insulin in many resource-limited areas.

Objective: This study compares the clinical effectiveness and safety of metformin versus glibenclamide in treating pregnant women with GDM.

Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital. Pregnant women diagnosed with GDM (n=132) were grouped into those receiving metformin (n=66) or glibenclamide (n=66). Blood glucose levels, maternal outcomes (like hypoglycemia and delivery type), and neonatal outcomes (birth weight, hypoglycemia) were recorded and analyzed.

Results: Metformin group had better control of postprandial glucose (mean 118.4 mg/dL vs. 132.9 mg/dL, p<0.05), less maternal hypoglycemia, and fewer neonatal complications like hypoglycemia and NICU admission.

Conclusion: Metformin appears safer and more effective compared to glibenclamide for managing GDM in this setup. This supports using metformin as first line oral drug in women with GDM specially in developing countries.

Keywords: Gestational diabetes, Metformin, Glibenclamide, Pregnancy, Glycemic control, Neonatal outcome