Microsponge-Based Topical Drug Delivery System for Acne Vulgaris: Formulation, Optimization and Evaluation

Abstract

Background: Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the pilosebaceous unit characterized by comedones, papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts. It affects a large proportion of adolescents and adults and has significant psychological and social impact. Conventional topical therapies often show limitations such as poor drug penetration, skin irritation, and frequent dosing requirements.

Objective: The present study aims to formulate and evaluate a microsponge-based topical gel containing anti-acne drugs to achieve controlled drug release, enhanced skin deposition, improved therapeutic efficacy, and reduced side effects compared to conventional formulations.

Materials and Methods: Microsponges were prepared using techniques such as quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion, employing polymers like ethyl cellulose. The selected drugs, nicotinamide and clindamycin phosphate, were incorporated due to their anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. The optimized microsponges were further incorporated into a Carbopol gel base.

The formulation was evaluated for:

Results: The microsponge-based gel demonstrated: Controlled and sustained drug release, Improved penetration into the pilosebaceous unit, Enhanced antimicrobial activity against acne-causing bacteria, Reduced irritation and side effects compared to conventional formulations, Good physicochemical stability and patient acceptability

Conclusion: The developed microsponge-loaded topical gel represents a novel and effective drug delivery system for acne treatment. It offers improved therapeutic outcomes, better patient compliance, and reduced adverse effects, making it a promising alternative to conventional anti-acne formulations.

Keywords: Acne vulgaris; Microsponges; Nicotinamide; Clindamycin phosphate; Topical gel; Controlled drug delivery.