Association Between Obesity and Dental Caries: A Narrative Review of Shared Etiological Factors

Abstract

Obesity and dental caries are two of the most common chronic health problems affecting people of all age groups across the world. In recent years, increasing attention has been given to the possible relationship between body weight and oral health. Although obesity and dental caries are distinct conditions, they share several common risk factors, including unhealthy dietary habits, frequent consumption of sugary foods and beverages, physical inactivity, and poor lifestyle practices. Obesity may further compromise oral health by altering salivary composition, increasing inflammation, and negatively influencing routine health behaviours. Many studies have explored this association; however, the findings remain controversial, with some reporting a positive relationship while others show little or no association. This review article aims to discuss the link between obesity and dental caries, explain the possible mechanisms linking the two conditions, and emphasise preventive strategies based on a common risk-factor approach.

Keywords: Obesity, Dental Caries, Sugar Consumption, Oral Health, Body Mass Index, Common Risk Factor Approach.