Prevalence of Anemia Morbidity, School Absenteeism, and Examination Performance Among Lower Primary School Children

Abstract

Background: Anemia is a significant public health issue among school-aged children, particularly in low-resource settings. It is known to impair cognitive function and physical health, which can contribute to poor academic performance and increased school absenteeism. This study aims to assess the prevalence of anemia, its effect on school absenteeism, and its impact on examination performance among lower primary school children.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 500 lower primary school children in rural and urban schools. Hemoglobin levels were measured to assess anemia prevalence, while absenteeism data and examination performance scores were collected from school records. A structured questionnaire was used to gather socio-demographic information and health-related data from parents.

Results: The prevalence of anemia was found to be 40%, with a higher proportion in rural schools (45%) compared to urban schools (35%). Children with anemia had a significantly higher rate of absenteeism (p<0.05) and performed worse in examinations compared to their non-anemic counterparts (p<0.01). The most common symptoms reported among anemic children were fatigue (70%) and weakness (60%).

Conclusion: Anemia among lower primary school children is a prevalent issue that significantly contributes to absenteeism and poor academic performance. Interventions to improve nutritional status, particularly iron supplementation, are crucial in addressing anemia and improving children's overall health and academic outcomes.

Keywords: Anemia, morbidity, school absenteeism, examination performance, primary school children.